From August 21 to 24, 2024, the 40th Global Seminar of the United Nations University, titled “Towards a Sustainable Earth and Society: Learning Resilience and Innovation from Noto, Kanazawa, and Hakusan,” was held in Kanazawa City and Hakusan City, Ishikawa Prefecture. It was attended by 21 participants from six countries, including Japan.

At the opening ceremony, Shinobu Yamaguchi, Director of the United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), delivered the opening remarks. She emphasized the importance of understanding regional challenges in sustainable development and finding optimal solutions accordingly.

Following her speech, Rector of UNU Prof. Tshilidzi Marwala gave a keynote address explaining how technology, sustainability, and social equity intersect to help us tackle global challenges. He also pointed out the crucial role of biodiversity in sustainable development, highlighting that its loss could pose serious risks due to climate change and urbanization. He stressed the importance of considering biodiversity in policy-making and promoting conservation efforts through collaboration among various stakeholders for future generations.

Lecture 1: “ Urban Nature Preservation and Sustainable Development.”

The first lecture was presented by Dr. Juan Pastor-Ivars, a researcher at the United Nations University OUIK, who spoke on “ Urban Nature Preservation and Sustainable Development.” He highlighted the vital role of urban nature, such as gardens and sacred forests, in implementing climate change adaptation strategies, using his research in Kanazawa as an example. He further added that urban nature contributes to biodiversity and cultural diversity.

Field Visit and Cultural Experience

After Dr. Juan’s lecture, the participants experienced a traditional Japanese tea ceremony at the Gyokusen’inmaru Garden in Kanazawa Castle Park. This garden, recreated in 2013 based on archaeological studies and historical documents, serves as a site for urban nature regeneration after being extinct during the Meiji period. Participants enjoyed delicious matcha and seasonal wagashi while learning about the history of Kanazawa. Subsequently, they visited Kanazawa Castle Park and Kenrokuen Garden to learn about the unique garden culture of Kanazawa and the crucial role that gardens play in biodiversity.

Lecture 2: Noto’s Satoyama and Satoumi GIAHS Site ― Current Situation and Creative Recovery from the Earthquake Utilizing Noto’s Unique Qualities

The second day began with a lecture by Sayako Koyama, Research Fellow at UNU-IAS OUIK, on the topic “Noto’s Satoyama and Satoumi GIAHS Site ― Current Situation and Creative Recovery from the Earthquake Utilizing Noto’s Unique Qualities”. She introduced local challenges such as depopulation and abandoned farmland that the region had faced even before the earthquake, emphasizing the importance of younger generations understanding regional attractions, values, and challenges to actively engage in recovery. She discussed perspectives on disaster prevention and mitigation utilizing ecosystems, and the importance of coordinating with ongoing initiatives related to globally important agricultural heritage and the release of the Japanese crested ibis, especially in light of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake recovery. Koyama also presented her research on utilizing well water during water outages post-earthquake, underscoring the importance of securing water in emergencies towards realizing a resilient society. She noted the emergence of new community interactions in the recovery process and stated that the creative recovery developments in Noto could serve as a model for other regions.

Lecture 3: Disaster Prevention and Reduction & ESD

Next, Professor Yukihiko Oikawa, Deputy Director of Nara University of Education ESD-SDGs gave a presentation on “Disaster Prevention and Reduction & ESD”. He emphasized the importance of integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change education into Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), sharing lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Oikawa also stated that addressing climate change through the SDGs and education is essential for achieving other goals, underlining that improving regional sustainability requires collaboration among diverse stakeholders.

Afterward, the participants moved to the second venue in Shiramine, Hakusan City.

An orientation session was held by Takashi Yamaguchi, director of Shiramine Nature School, during which explanations about the lifestyle, culture, and traditions of the Shiramine region were given.

Lecture 4: Climate Change and Health

The next lecture was presented by Yasushi Katsuma from UNU-IAS on the theme of “Climate Change and Health.” The discussion focused particularly on the impact of climate change on health, especially “climate anxiety” among young people. It was pointed out that while young people participating in climate change activities can have positive effects on their mental health, they may also feel overwhelmed by the scale of the issue. There is a growing call for further research on the relationship between climate change and mental health.

Lecture 5: International Frameworks and Challenges for Ecosystem Conservation

On the third day of the seminar, the topic was “International Frameworks and Challenges for Ecosystem Conservation,” delivered by Tsunao Watanabe, Director of UNU-IAS OUIK. The starting point of nature conservation, notably the system of national parks, was emphasized, particularly the history of Japan’s national parks and the importance of biodiversity conservation. It was also noted that environments where human activities coexist with nature, such as satoyama-satoumi areas, contribute to biodiversity conservation. The lecture highlighted the importance of many people, including young individuals, becoming involved in nature conservation activities and referred to the international goal of “30by30,” which aims for ecosystem restoration by 2030. This encourages young people to play a role at the forefront of nature conservation and promotes actions for a sustainable future.

Lecture 6: Characteristics and Activities of Hakusan-Tedorigawa UNESCO Global Geopark and Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve

In a lecture titled “Characteristics and Activities of Hakusan-Tedorigawa UNESCO Global Geopark and Mount Hakusan Biosphere Reserve” Susan May from the Hakusan-Tedorigawa UNESCO Global Geopark Council introduced nature conservation activities in the Hakusan region. This area is designated as both a Global Geopark and a Biosphere Reserve, promoting the conservation of the natural environment and sustainable regional development. The geopark aims to utilize the region’s natural heritage through education, research, and tourism, striving for a sustainable society where nature and humans coexist. Activities have been undertaken to encourage participation from students and local residents to enhance community pride and knowledge, with particular attention to poster presentations by high school students and activities at international forums, showcasing the contributions of young people to the future of nature conservation.

Lecture 7: Promoting ESD Using Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves

In a lecture titled “Promoting ESD Using Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves,” Associate Professor Aida Mammadova from Kanazawa University emphasized the importance of education for sustainable development (ESD) towards a sustainable society. The lecture introduced educational initiatives that leverage UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks to solve local issues and learn about culture while aiming to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Activities targeting young people are also active, with increasing opportunities for youth to engage in discussions about biodiversity and climate change through initiatives like the UNESCO MAB Youth Forum and Young Scientists Award. The lecture also mentioned Kanazawa University’s collaboration with local communities and international organizations in providing educational programs aimed at sustainable development.

In the afternoon of the third day, participants were divided into groups for discussion sessions and presentations. They formed groups focused on biodiversity, disaster prevention and resilience, and education, proposing solutions to various challenges.

On the final day, the group explored the Hakusan National Park, learning about the utilization of satoyama and disaster prevention systems, such as sediment control.

The 40th UNU Global Seminar provided a valuable opportunity to deeply learn about the importance of local knowledge and coexistence with nature in achieving a sustainable earth and society. Participants reflected on resilience and innovation through the nature and culture of Kanazawa and Hakusan, gaining new perspectives on concrete challenges. It is hoped that this learning will contribute to achieving sustainable development goals in various countries, and ongoing collaboration beyond diverse nations and regions is encouraged.

On October 6, 2023, OUIK researcher  Dr. Juan conducted a one-hour lecture for approximately 50 students at Kanazawa Municipal Saiou Elementary School. This lecture was part of the “Sustainable Urban Nature Project,”(SUN Project) which has been active in the area since 2019. The project includes citizen science activities where children engage in counting and recording fireflies at Kuratsuki water canals as part of their research and data collection on living organisms.

The theme of the lecture was “Kanazawa’s Biodiversity and the SDGs.” Dr. Juan started by explaining the concepts of biological and cultural diversity and their interconnections. To convey this message more effectively to the young students, he introduced several examples from the vicinity of Kanazawa Municipal Saiou Elementary School. Specifically, he showcased two gardens where living creatures and artists coexist, thereby strengthening the relationship between nature and culture.

Finally, Dr. Juan shared some ideas with the students on how they could contribute to the SDGs and the conservation of biocultural diversity. Educating children about the many benefits of urban nature is essential for preserving Kanazawa’s unique and valuable social and environmental systems. The SUN Project will continue to focus on fostering intergenerational connections and conserving nature for the future.

The Agricultural Heritage Symposium is scheduled to take place in Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture, on November 10, 2023. As a part of this event, Ishikawa Prefecture and UNU-IAS OUIK will co-host a “Youth Session” aimed at fostering an exchange of ideas among high school students from agricultural heritage areas.

On October 19, 21 high school students from 11 schools across 7 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) sites and 1 Japanese Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site gathered online for a preliminary study session in preparation for the Youth Session. They engaged in discussions around questions such as “What is Important Agricultural Heritage Systems?”, “How did the youth session come about?”, and “What will we do on the day of the event?” The session began with an introduction to the research conducted by UNU-IAS OUIK.

The first speaker, Mr. Akira Nagata, a Research Fellow at UNU-IAS OUIK, delivered a lecture titled “What is Important Agricultural Heritage Systems?”. The presentation covered topics such as the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) recognition program, GIAHS sites both within Japan and internationally, and what kind of ripple effects (positive impacts) result from receiving GIAHS designation.

Following this, OUIK researcher Ms. Koyama provided an overview of the GIAHS Youth Summit held in FY2021 and its outcomes. She also introduced the “Opinion Exchange Meeting among High School Students from Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Designated Areas,” which took place last fiscal year.

In the second half of the session, participants were divided into groups to introduce themselves and share their impressions and opinions based on the earlier presentations. They then presented their insights to one another. Some participants expressed surprise at the abundance of GIAHS in Asia, while others were grateful for the opportunity to engage in discussions with fellow students and appreciated the chance to share their views with adults.

Finally, Mr. Fukuda and Ms. Koyama wrapped up the session by outlining the day’s agenda and related preparations. Several participants expressed their enthusiasm for visiting Ishikawa Prefecture in November, and the overall meeting served as a valuable preparation for the upcoming in-person Youth Session event.

2023/10/31

On October 3rd, a joint training session was held in Nanao City, organized by the Noto GIAHS Promotion Council, which is comprised of Ishikawa Prefecture and nine municipalities in the Noto region, along with the UNU-IAS OUIK and experts on biodiversity, referred to as the Noto GIAHS Biodiversity Working Group (hereafter referred to as WG).

Mr. Akira Nagata, a visiting research fellow from OUIK, delivered a lecture on “Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)”

Mr. Akira Nagata

Mr. Akira Nagata has been involved with the introduction of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Japan since its inception and currently serves as a visiting research fellow at the OUIK. He also acts as the secretary for the Japanese office of the East Asia Research Association for Agricultural Heritage Systems (ERAHS) and identifies himself as an “missionary of agricultural heritage,” engaging in activities both domestically and internationally.

GIAHS is based on five criteria that must all be met:

1) Food security and livelihood (economic aspect),
2) Agricultural biodiversity (environmental aspect),
3) Knowledge systems (technical aspect),
4) Culture, values, and social organization (social aspect), and
5) Landscape and seascape (land use aspect).
Additionally, an action plan is required to conserve traditional agricultural systems.

Regarding the classification of GIAHS, Mr. Nagata proposed three categories: “farming method type,” “genetic resource conservation type,” and “landscape type.”

The landscape type encompasses not just specific rice paddies or fields but also surrounding forests, rivers, the sea, and villages, contributing to the overall preservation of traditional agriculture. He noted that this classification is prevalent in areas such as Noto and other regions of Japan.

While GIAHS focuses on “systems” rather than “objects,” its future-oriented approach distinguishes it from UNESCO World Heritage sites. It incorporates new technologies while emphasizing the importance of preserving the core elements. “Continuing the hard farming practices of the past is not what GIAHS is about,” Mr. Nagata stated.

In 2010, the United Nations University held a workshop titled “Satoyama and Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems” in Kanazawa city, Ishikawa. At that time, the director of the Hokuriku Agricultural Administration Office expressed interest in GIAHS and sought candidates within its jurisdiction, which led to the identification of Noto and Sado as potential candidates.

The term “Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems” (GIAHS) was proposed by former Ishikawa Prefecture Governor Mr.Tanimoto and then-Deputy Rector of the United Nations University Mr. Takeuchi. Additionally, the elevation of GIAHS from a project under the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to a regular program in 2015 was significantly influenced by the excitement generated at the International Conference on Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems held in Ishikawa in 2013. Nagata emphasized, “The fact that GIAHS is now becoming established globally started from Noto. I hope everyone can take great pride and confidence in this.”

The satoyama and satoumi systems represents a secondary natural environment shaped and maintained by human activities. The concept of coexistence between humans and nature embodies the idea of satoyama-satoumi, which is a characteristic of Noto GIAHS.

In developing countries, development pressures pose the greatest threat to traditional farming methods. However, in Japan, issues such as depopulation, aging populations, shortages of successors, and damage caused by wild animals are significant threats. Therefore, it is crucial to utilize GIAHS to promote rural areas, and strategizing how to effectively implement it is essential for the conservation of Japan’s agricultural heritage.

To achieve this, Nagata suggested enhancing the added value of agricultural products, strengthening brand recognition, and leveraging tourism opportunities like green tourism to benefit the economy. He also introduced the GIAHS initiatives in Asia and the East Asia Research Association for Agricultural Heritage Systems, concluding the lecture.

Noto GIAHS Biodiversity Working Group (WG)
Overview of Past Developments

Next, Sayako Koyama (Researcher, UNU-IAS OUIK), introduced the progress of the Working Group (WG) so far.

In the Noto GIAHS, the third phase of the Action Plan is currently being implemented. The second phase of the action plan included a specific activity called “establishing a system for conducting research in collaboration with research institutions.” As a result, the WG was established within the Noto GIAHS Promotion Council in May 2021.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries conducts “monitoring and evaluation of GIAHS” every five years, which includes assessments and recommendations from experts in global agricultural heritage. Among the advice provided to Noto GIAHS so far, those relating to biodiversity included: “unifying methods for biological surveys and considering future utilization to enhance conservation,” “reviewing the conservation plan in terms of the setting of action items and target figures, as well as the monitoring methods,” and “considering methods to ensure the sustainability of biodiversity surveys as a requirement of the certification system for conservation plans.”

Since 2016, the definition of biodiversity as a certification criterion has increasingly focused on “agricultural biodiversity,” emphasizing the diversity of organisms more closely related to agriculture.

Defining the “The agricultural biodiversity of the Satoyama and Satoumi in Noto.” includes not only the diversity of organisms and genes used in food production and forestry and fisheries but also the diversity of other organisms and ecosystems that support it.

As the WG progresses in its activities, it is important to ensure that the act of surveying does not become the end goal. We aim to achieve two main objectives:

• Understanding the impacts and effects of biodiversity on Noto GIAHS.
• Enhancing local residents’ awareness and understanding of biodiversity.

Keeping these objectives in mind, we aim for the conservation of biodiversity to be realized.

To summarize the role of the working group (WG):

• Plan and implement surveys, data management, and outreach activities related to agricultural biodiversity.
• Provide advice and support from the perspective of biodiversity for various activities related to Noto GIAHS.

Over the past two years, the WG, which was established in this way, has specifically engaged in activities such as creating a framework for centralizing information, establishing a database using GIS, conducting citizen-participatory surveys with app tools, selecting and researching indicator species, creating educational materials for indicator species, and supporting observation events. Additionally, Researcher Koyama, mentioned that they have not yet been able to initiate actions like uncovering information about traditional crops or conducting topic research led by experts, and thus concluded the presentation.

Following this, a workshop was held for each group to discuss ‘the issues we should address in the future and the current challenges,’ and each group presented their results.

“I would like information that introduces what is great about the Noto GIAHS”
“There is a lack of instructors and individuals who can identify species for biological surveys. We are also not able to develop human resources”
“In the municipalities, the departments responsible for the conservation of the Japanese Crested Ibis and those for Global Agricultural Heritage are different, leading to insufficient collaboration and information sharing”
“We need a space where we can compare the content of the model surveys on the Japanese Crested Ibis conducted by the nine different towns and cities, and discuss the challenges we are facing”
“It is difficult to explain the benefits of releasing the Japanese Crested Ibis to the local people in the areas where we are requesting surveys”

In the afternoon, a survey of the creatures was conducted in the rice fields using an app

In the Nishimikai district of the Toki Model Area in Nanao City, Mr. Shinya Nomura, an instructor from the Ishikawa Nature School and a member of the working group (WG) of experts, served as the lecturer and conducted a living organism collection activity at two locations: a rice paddy’s irrigation channel and a biotope adjacent to the rice paddy.

Mr. Shinya Nomura

Using the instructional materials created by the WG, along with the app “iNaturalist,” which allows users to identify and share observations of living organisms, participants recorded the organisms they observed. Given that this area has been engaged in organic farming for many years, many aquatic insects, such as Laccotrephes japonensis, water bug (Appasus japonicus) and water scavenger beetles (Hydrophilidae), were found in the biotope. There were so many catches that they could not fit into the collection cases. Mr. Nomura introduced key observation points, such as distinguishing different species of red dragonflies by examining the differences in their abdomen and wing tips.

After the observation session, there was a discussion on the usability of the app and the instructional materials, as well as the supplementary materials that are being developed by the WG.

Regarding the app, while some participants enjoyed the feature of being able to upload photos and share information, they also raised several challenges, such as difficulties in taking good photos for identification and uncertainty about whether the identified species were correct.

For the writing board (shitajiki) material, feedback included requests for information that explains how to distinguish between different species. There were also suggestions that the supplementary materials, which indicate where to find organisms, should be used at the start of the observation sessions.

Finally, Professor Seiji Yanai, the chair of the WG and a special appointee at Ishikawa Prefectural University, stated, “We aim to create a better Noto GIAHS by continuing to exchange opinions with local municipal officials and building an environment rich in agricultural biodiversity, so we ask for your continued cooperation.” The training session, which lasted for an extended period, then concluded.

2023/10/27

This fiscal year (2023) marks the launch of the “Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Study Visit Program,” a collaborative initiative between Ishikawa Prefecture and UNU-IAS OUIK. The program aims to promote the development of young people with an international perspective through the GIAHS Noto’s Satoyama Satoumi, targeting university students within Ishikawa Prefecture, while also encouraging contributions to the local community.

After the first lecture held in July, a field training session focused on the GIAHS Noto Satoyama Satoumi took place from August 9 to 10. Subsequently, from September 10 to 17, five university students from Ishikawa Prefecture participated in a study trip to Italy. The aim of this visit was to learn about various food-related initiatives by United Nations organizations and to visit GIAHS regions in Italy to study sustainable agriculture practices.

You can view the previous activities of the GIAHS Study Visit Program below.

2023 GIAHS Study Visit Program ・First Lecture

2023 GIAHS Study Visit Program ・Noto Field Study

In Rome, the students visited three UN agencies focused on food-related issues: the UN World Food Programme (WFP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). They learned about the global challenges surrounding food and agriculture, as well as the initiatives undertaken by each organization.

At the FAO headquarters, the students presented in English on the GIAHS Noto, using insights gained from their domestic training program. Claria, a program specialist at FAO, remarked on a presentation by a team that researched the next-generation inheritance of the Senmaida rice paddies, saying, “This is very interesting. You should share your proposals using modern technology with the local community.”

Below is a record of the lessons learned during the visits to the headquarters of WFP, FAO, and IFAD.

 IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development)
At IFAD, the group leaned how the organization helps developing countries, especially in rural areas. After a lecture on efforts to raise funds and build capacity, mainly focused on small-scale farmers and rural communities,  they discussed how IFAD improves infrastructure and offers microfinance services to impoverished and low-income people.

A notable emphasis was placed on gender equality as a vital issue for achieving sustainable development in developing countries. IFAD is actively involved in various projects that support women in these regions. Additionally, there are significant challenges facing youth, such as the lack of land as a capital resource. To address this, IFAD is advancing projects aimed at creating employment opportunities and empowering young people.

WFP (World Food Programme)
The World Food Programme operates under the slogan “Saving Lives, Changing Lives,” responding to crises within 72 hours in war zones and disaster areas. They place a strong emphasis on the importance of education through school meal programs, addressing malnutrition, and improving children’s access to education. They recognize that school meals play a crucial role in enhancing learning outcomes and achieving SDG 4, highlighting the importance of collaboration between international organizations and private companies. They also introduced the “Share The Meal” app, which allows individuals to easily contribute to food assistance programs.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
At the FAO, the group learned about the need for sustainable agricultural practices and innovations to tackle issues related to food. The organization emphasizes the critical role of collaboration with academia, research institutions, and international agencies to address global food challenges. Students gained a deeper understanding of FAO’s efforts to promote environmentally friendly agriculture and ensure access to nutritious food. 

 After the visit to Rome, the group spent the latter part of the trip in Umbria, exploring the olive groves located between Assisi and Spoleto, which are recognized as GIAHS sites. They learned about traditional olive farming methods passed down through generations from local farmers. It was fascinating to see how they use the slopes to maximize sunlight and effectively drain rainwater, as well as the traditional stone techniques used to prevent soil erosion. There was also a discussion on the impact of climate change and understood the significance of sustainable olive cultivation.

During an olive oil tasting, the group discovered the diverse flavors of olive oil, influenced by temperature and olive varieties. They had the opportunity to tour an olive oil production facility and visit museums and traditional architecture to know more about the history of olive farming and oil production.

In discussions with local farmers, relevant topics were discussed such as wildlife damage in the region and the declining number of young people in agriculture, which resonates with challenges faced in Noto.

The students are eager to utilize these experiences and their learnings from Noto to advance their research on problem-solving at the Noto GIAHS site as they prepare for their final presentations.

2023/9/28

On September 8, 2023, a Survey of living creatures in Satoumi was conducted by sixth-grade students from Wakura Elementary School in Nanao City. This survey was supported by experts from the Noto GIAHS Biodiversity Working Group, including Mr. Sakai from the Kanazawa University’s Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Professor Yanai from Ishikawa Prefectural University, Mr. Arakawa from the Noto Marine Center, Mr. Kinoshita from Kanazawa University’s Noto Campus, and Researcher Koyama from the UNU-IAS OUIK.

During the survey, the students were divided into groups and initially searched for creatures among the rocks on the breakwater. Some students used nets to collect creatures from the water, while others caught them using gloved hands. A few students became so focused in the activity that they haven’t even realized that they got their rears soaked! From the breakwater, they could also see areas of eelgrass.

Next, they placed the collected rock-dwelling creatures onto trays for observation. Using worksheets created by the working group as well as supplementary materials developed for this year, Mr. Sakai provided explanations about the various species they discovered. They found many types of sea snail, including those belonging to the shitadami family, which are also used as ingredients in local cuisine, as well as Araretama-kibigai (a specie of littorinid snail), Sugai (Lunella correensis), and Reishigai (Reishia luteostoma). One group of students who found a small turban shell repeatedly exclaimed, “Oh, I want to eat this!” They also discovered a young sharpbeak terapon (Rhynchopelates oxyrhynchus).

Following that, they observed what creatures inhabit the artificial sandy beach. Mr. Sakai explained that the countless holes in the sand were made by sand crabs, which sparked a search for these creatures. Although it was challenging to find them, they were eventually able to observe a specimen discovered by Mr. Arakawa. The students were fascinated by the cute appearance of the sand crab with its large eyes.

The students not only looked at the creatures but also considered what types of debris had washed ashore. They learned that many of the broken tubes they found were actually used in oyster farming. Wakura Elementary School is also promoting SDGs education, so both the teachers and the students showed a strong interest in observing the debris. They collected noticeable litter and put it into bags they had brought with them to take it home.

Even though the children live very close to the ocean, opportunities to observe marine life in their daily lives have become less frequent. Through this observation event, where they were able to find and touch living creatures themselves, they likely deepened their understanding of biodiversity and their interest in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Going forward, OUIK hopes that this observation event will serve as a springboard for further learning about the importance of the coastal environment (satoumi) around them, the creatures that inhabit it, and the connections between those creatures and our lives.

The supplementary materials used during this event will be finalized within this academic year, incorporating feedback from instructors and school teachers.

2023/9/28

On September 7, 2023, a Survey of living creatures in Satoumi was held in all nine elementary schools in Suzu City, specifically targeting the 3rd and 4th graders at Takojima Elementary School, in Suzu City. This time, the event utilized a supplementary teaching material being developed this year by the Noto GIAHS Biodiversity Working Group. The observation session was supported by various instructors, including Mr. Nomura (Ishikawa Nature School), Mr. Kishioka and Mr. Kinoshita (Kanazawa University’s Noto Campus), Mr. Arakawa (Noto Marine Center), and Ms. Koyama (Researcher, UNU-IAS OUIK).

Suzu City’s elementary schools conduct two observation sessions in spring and summer, followed by a summarizing lesson, and this was the second observation event of the year.

 In the survey, we split into two groups: one group went to a farm pond, while the other group moved to a rice field after the harvest. At the rice field, the group first greeted the farmer managing the field and learned about the current situation of the rice paddies. The harvesting had already been completed, and since the field was dry, we used insect nets instead of catching nets to capture living creatures. Despite the dry appearance, which seemed to suggest there was nothing there, we were able to find many organisms. We encountered various creatures such as dragonflies, grasshoppers, and clams, as well as Japanese brown frogs, Japanese pond frogs, and tree frogs.

Back at school, we worked in groups to sort aquatic insects that the pond group had found. At first, many students were hesitant to touch the living creatures with their bare hands, but eventually, some began to move the diving beetles (ybister chinensis Motschulsky), saying they were “cute.” By the end, everyone was able to categorize all the creatures together. Mr. Nomura, who is  also a member of Noto GIAHS Biodiversity Working Group, explained each of the found creatures using the handout created last year and the supplementary materials currently in development for this year.

The supplementary materials provide explanations through accessible illustrations of the creatures shown underneath, highlighting the kinds of environments these creatures inhabit and what their presence signifies. It was impressive to see the students actively engaged and interested in reading the materials.

In Suzu City, all elementary school students in grades 3 and 4 participate in an experiential program that allows them to learn about the creatures living in the environments where the rice they usually eat is grown. This program encourages them to think about local ecosystems and biodiversity. Each year, students have the opportunity to present their findings at a learning showcase, which also promotes the sharing of practical examples among schools.

The Working Group is committed to ensuring that the newly developed materials are increasingly utilized in existing educational programs. They are gathering feedback from instructors and teachers to facilitate improvements and further development.

2023/8/29

Starting this fiscal year, the “Global Agricultural Heritage (GIAHS) Study Visit Program” has been launched as a joint initiative between Ishikawa Prefecture and UNU-IAS OUIK. This program aims to develop young people with an international perspective and promote contributions to the local community through the GIAHS of Noto’s satoyama and satoumi.

Following the first lecture held in July, a two-day field study was conducted from August 9 to 10, where participants learned about the GIAHS “Noto’s satoyama and satoumi.” This time, seven university students from Ishikawa Prefecture participated in the program.

The first destination of the visit was the Shiroyone Senmaida Rice Terraces, a symbolic site of Noto’s GIAHS. We began with a presentation by Mr. Komoto from the Shiroyone Senmaida Association, who explained the current situation and challenges, as well as various initiatives related to the owner system and how to utilize the site as a tourist destination. Most of the participating students, even those from Ishikawa Prefecture, had never been to Shiroyone Senmaida before. They actively asked questions, such as, “Does the salt from the sea have any impact on rice cultivation?” Mr. Komoto informed us that the moderate salt content from the sea breeze and the traditional method of hanging rice to dry enhance the flavor of the rice.

Since students had previously expressed a desire to experience rice cultivation activities, they also had the opportunity to participate in grass cutting on the terraced rice fields. It was a very hot day, so the time was limited, but the students were able to try their hand at using a sickle for the task.

After lunch, the group visited Heguraya, where they make squid fish sauce ( Ishiru ). First, they were introduced to the process of making fish sauce using squid innards and salt. They also discussed their initiatives based on the SDGs, emphasizing how they effectively utilize the innards generated during processing and repurpose the residue after extracting the fish sauce.

Afterward, the group had the opportunity to taste the fish sauce and participated in a hands-on experience where we learned to fillet squid and marinate it in the fish sauce. For many students, this was their first time tasting the fish sauce and filleting a squid.

Next, in response to requests from students who wanted to learn about wildlife damage and the utilization of gibier meat, we visited the Wildlife Damage Management center in Wajima City. First, we received an overview from the center director, Mr. Miyaji, regarding the trends in wild boar capture numbers in Noto and how the captured boars are processed, along with a tour of the management facility.

Following this, Ms. Fukuoka from the Hunting Women’s Association shared various initiatives aimed at utilizing the boars not only for meat but also for their hides in leather products, highlighting efforts to avoid wasting any part of the animal.

Afterward, the group moved to their accommodation, Shinbashi Ryokan, where a workshop was conducted. Students organized and discussed their research themes in preparation for their midterm presentations.

On the second day, we visited the Satoyama Marugoto Hotel in Wajima City. We participated in a village walk and a vegetable harvesting experience. While there, Mr. Yamamoto discussed the activities and initiatives he has undertaken at the Satoyama Marugoto Hotel. Additionally, a local resident, Mr. Taniuchi, shared insights about local life and culture. Finally, we enjoyed a Satoyama Marugoto set meal featuring the vegetables we had harvested.

After lunch, the group moved to Nanao City and visited the Kadoshima Teichi fixed-net fishing site. Captain Nitta shared insights about the history and mechanisms of fixed-net fishing, along with its advantages and disadvantages. He also discussed the efforts needed to carry out sustainable fixed-net fishing. After his talk, the fishermen taught us some rope work, and they even got to board the boat and enjoy the beautiful landscapes of the satoumi.

Finally, the group visited the Noto Satoyama Satoumi Museum, where they learned about the overall picture of Noto’s satoyama and satoumi and the various elements it encompasses through videos and interactive exhibits.

Even though it was for just two days, the students were able to learn about Noto’s satoyama and satoumi by hearing directly from local residents, seeing, touching, and tasting the environment, fully engaging all their senses. Building on what they learned during this training, each group will summarize their presentations, and a midterm presentation meeting is scheduled for the end of August as we prepare for the last part of the program – the training program in Italy in September.

On June 29, 2023, sixth graders from Ishizaki Elementary School in Nanao City took part in a Survey of living creatures in Satoumi This survey involved experts from the Noto GIAHS Biodiversity Working Group, including Mr. Sakai (Kanazawa University’s  Institute of Natural and Environmental Technology), Mr. Arakawa (Noto Marine Center), Kishioka (Kanazawa University’s Noto Campus), and Ms. Koyama  (Researcher, UNU-IAS OUIK), who all provided support for the survey.

The survey took place around the Ishizaki Fishing Port in Nanao City. The students arrived on foot from Ishizaki Elementary School, accompanied by their teachers. The weather was pleasant, providing a nice breeze as they prepared to observe the various marine creatures.

The day began with Mr. Sawano from the Nanao City Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Department briefing the students on the schedule. Following this, Sakai provided explanations about the observation sites, collecting and observation methods, and important safety precautions.

The students were divided into four groups, where they used nets to collect marine organisms from the sea and searched along the sandy beaches and rocky areas for creatures, carefully catching them while wearing gloves. Each group not only focused on the organisms but also observed the environmental conditions of the area and the types of debris they found. Despite the initial appearance of a barren coastline, a thorough inspection revealed a diversity of marine life. The children expressed great curiosity, their faces lighting up with excitement as they came across crabs, shells, and other fascinating creatures right before their eyes.

※Photo on the right: The discovered sand crab

The instructors Sakai and Arakawa helped the students identify and explain the species of the collected organisms, and they patiently answered all the students’ questions. The children gained a deep understanding of the ecology and habitats of these creatures, as well as the importance of monitoring, protecting, and using the local sea environment and its inhabitants.

They got a special opportunity to see the sand crab, which they usually only observe through its burrow. This time, they managed to catch one, and as they looked at it for the first time, they exclaimed, “Its eyes are popping out!” They quickly noticed the difference compared to other crabs found on the rocks, showcasing their keen observational skills.

In the end, the students also had the chance to use an app called iNaturalist for identifying and documenting the creatures they encountered. Although taking pictures of the small shells was quite challenging and there were some misidentifications, it was clear that they enjoyed using the app and engaging with the nature around them.

※Researching organisms using an app

 This exploration of the satoumi (coastal areas) ecosystem has provided the children with a valuable experience and a chance to learn. By directly interacting with the creatures of nature, they have probably deepened their interest in the environment and their understanding of biodiversity. OUIK hopes that initiatives like this will continue in local communities and schools, fostering a connection with nature and encouraging the monitoring, preservation, and sustainable use of our nearby coastal areas. By supporting educational and environmental activities in our region’s satoyama (village forests) and satoumi (coastal areas) we believe we can ensure that children have access to a variety of experiences and learning opportunities in the future.